Selasa, 07 Juli 2015

Le Fort (Maxilla fracture)















Le Fort I
  • HORIZONTAL maxillary fracture
  • Floating palate
Le Fort II
  • PYRAMIDAL fracture
  • Floating maxilla
Le Fort III
  • CRANIOFACIAL dysfunction
  • Floating face

Selasa, 10 Juni 2014

Spinal Cord Injury

American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale (modified from the Frankel classification) :
  • A = Complete: No sensory or motor function is preserved in sacral segments S4-S5
  • B = Incomplete: Sensory, but not motor, function is preserved below the neurologic level and extends through sacral segments S4-S5
  • C = Incomplete: Motor function is preserved below the neurologic level, and most key muscles below the neurologic level have a muscle grade of less than 3
  • D = Incomplete: Motor function is preserved below the neurologic level, and most key muscles below the neurologic level have a muscle grade that is greater than or equal to 3
  • E = Normal: Sensory and motor functions are normal



Selasa, 20 Mei 2014

Thrombolysis in STEMI


  • Patients with STEMI and onset of symptoms within 12 hours if PCI delay > 120 minutes (class I)
  • Patients with STEMI and onset of symptoms between 12-24 hours if continued symptoms or ECG changes and PCI unavailable (class IIa) 

 Door to needle time <30 minutes
 Not indicated for patients with ST depression

Absolute contraindications for fibrinolytic use in STEMI include the following:[16]
  • Prior intracranial hemorrhage (ICH)
  • Known structural cerebral vascular lesion
  • Known malignant intracranial neoplasm
  • Ischemic stroke within 3 months
  • Suspected aortic dissection
  • Active bleeding or bleeding diathesis (excluding menses)
  • Significant closed head trauma or facial trauma within 3 months
  • Intracranial or intraspinal surgery within 2 months
  • Severe uncontrolled hypertension (unresponsive to emergency therapy)
  • For streptokinase, prior treatment within the previous 6 months
Relative contraindications for fibrinolytic use in STEMI include the following:[16]
  • History of chronic, severe, poorly controlled hypertension
  • Significant hypertension on presentation (systolic blood pressure > 180 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure > 110 mm Hg
  • Traumatic or prolonged (> 10 minutes) cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) or major surgery less than 3 weeks previously
  • History of prior ischemic stroke not within the last 3 months
  • Dementia
  • Recent (within 2-4 weeks) internal bleeding
  • Noncompressible vascular punctures
  • Pregnancy
  • Active peptic ulcer
  • Current use of an anticoagulant (eg, warfarin sodium) that has produced an elevated international normalized ratio (INR) higher than 1.7 or a prothrombin time (PT) longer than 15 seconds

Well Score for DVT and Pulmonary Embolism